Multiple Choice Questions
1. An example of a committed cost is:
2. Which of the following is nota strong reason for budgeting?
3. The budgeting process that most likely creates an attitude supportive of achieving organization goals is:
4. A budgeting approach that implies little or no input from lower levels of management is known as the:
5. Budget slack is:
6. Zero-based budgeting forces managers to:
7. A budget that is prepared for several periods in the future, then revised several times prior to the budget period is called a:
8. A budget that has been prepared only once prior to the budget period is called a:
9. A budgeting process that involves justifying resource requirements based on an analysis and prioritization of organizational objectives is called:
10. ___________ budgets are generally more expensive to maintain than single-period budgets because more time and effort is required in their preparation.
11. The key data element on which the entire budget is based is the:
12. The operating budget depends on key information developed in the:
13. The production budget uses all of the following except:
14. A materials purchases budget must be completed immediately after the preparation of the:
15. Operating expenses are best budgeted on the basis of knowledge about:
16. The cash budget is especially important to a firm when:
17. Which of the following costs are included in the cost classification that is based on the relationship between total cost and volume of activity?
18. Which of the following costs are included in the cost classification that is based on the time frame perspective?
19. A cost that is incurred because of a long-range policy decision is known as a:
20. Which of the following is not an important factor to consider when preparing a sales forecast?
21. Which of the following is a plan for acquiring the resources needed to complete the manufacturing activities that will satisfy the organizations sales forecast?
22. Which of the following lists the components of the master budget in correct chronological order?
23. The raw materials budgeted to be purchased for the period is equal to:
24. The operating expense budget is based on the:
25. Depreciation on the office equipment would appear in which of the following budgets?
26. Which of the following items would be included in the operating expense budget?
27. Which of the following would not appear in the operating expense budget?
28. What is the key to the entire operating budget?
29. Which of the following is the last budgeted financial statement to be prepared?
30. Which of the following lists the components of the master budget in correct chronological order?
31. A cash budget would not include:
32. A key to estimating an accurate amount of cash to be collected from sales is:
33. An important reason for imposing a minimum cash balance in the cash budget is:
34. The development of the operating budget is complete when:
35. A standard cost or production standard that is achievable under actual operating conditions is called a(n):
36. Standard costs are comprised of two elements:
37. ______________ standards allow inefficiencies from prior years to be incorporated into the budget, thus providing little incentive for improvement.
38. A standard cost or production standard that assumes maximum operating conditions and 100% efficiency at all times is called a(n):
39. Standard costs are used in which of the following phases of the management process?
40. Fixed costs classified according to the time frame perspective are known as:
41. The concept of a standard used for planning and control purposes is most like a:
42. Standards are most appropriately used to:
43. Standards are likely to be most useful when expressed in:
44. Developing a standard cost for a product or service will usually involve:
45. Once standard costs for products or services have been developed:
46. The kind of standard that is most useful for planning and control is:
47. Standard costing is developed and used for:
Essay Questions
48. Breaded Oak, Inc. has a policy that requires 20 percent of the expected sales of its product to be on hand at the end of the prior month. Forecasted sales, in units, for the months of January through April are as follows:
(a.) Calculate the number of units planned for ending inventory for January, February, and March.
(b.) Calculate the number of units budgeted to be produced in January, February, and March.
49. Brenda, Inc. makes wooden tables. Each table requires 28 pounds of lumber to produce. The sales forecast for March is 1,600 tables. Estimated beginning and desired ending inventories for March are the following:
(a.) Calculate the number of tables to be produced in March.
(b.) Calculate the number of pounds of lumber to be purchased in March.
50. Aborkian Co. is forecasting sales of 75,000 units of product for November. To make one unit of finished product, seven pounds of raw materials are required. Actual beginning and desired ending inventories of raw materials and finished goods are:
(a.) Calculate the number of units of product to be produced during November.
(b.) Calculate the number of pounds of raw materials to be purchased during November.
51. Pacesetters, Inc., has actual sales for July and August and forecasted sales for September, October, November, and December as follows:
(a.) The firms policy is to have finished goods inventory on hand at the end of the month that is equal to 70 percent of the next months sales. It is currently estimated that there will be 4,200 units on hand at the end of August. Calculate the number of units to be produced in each of the months of September, October, and November.
(b.) Each unit of finished product requires 6.5 pounds of raw materials. The firms policy is to have raw material inventory on hand at the end of each month that is equal to 60 percent of the next months estimated usage. It is currently estimated that 26,000 pounds of raw materials will be on hand at the end of August. Calculate the number of pounds of raw materials to be purchased in each of the months of September and October.
52. Averys Bicycle Shop, a retail store, has an average gross profit ratio of 28 percent. The sales forecast for the next four months follows:
Managements inventory policy is to have ending inventory equal to 1.4 times the cost of sales for the subsequent month, although it is estimated that the cost of inventory at March 31 will be $170,000.
Calculate the purchases budget, in dollars, for the months of April, May, and June.
53. Danzi, Inc., has budgeted sales for the month of July and estimated cost behavior patterns for a number of its expense items listed below. From this information prepare an operating expense budget for the month of July.
54. Remote Centers sales are all made on account. The firms collection experience has been that 20 percent of a months sales are collected in the month of sale, 60 percent are collected in the month following the sale, and 18 percent are collected in the second month following the sale. The sales forecast for the months of August through November is:
Calculate the cash collections that would be included in the cash budgets for October and November.
55. Dominics, Inc. had actual sales for January and February and forecasted sales for March, April, May and June as follows:
Based on company experience, it is estimated that 35 percent of a months sales are collected in the month of sale, 48 percent in the month following the sale, and 16 percent in the second month following the sale.
Calculate the estimated cash collections for March, April, and May.
56. The following information for the month of May has been provided for the Bowser Company:
(a.) Prepare a cash budget for May.
57. Peachtrees Siding and Window Co. is a custom home improvement company. All sales are made on account; 30 percent of a months sales are collected in the month of sale, 60 percent are collected in the month following the sale, and 8 percent are collected in the second month following the sale. Cash on hand on October 1 is estimated to be $32,000.
Merchandise purchases and operating expenses are paid as follows:
Peachtrees Siding and Window Co.s income statement budget for each of the next three months is as follows:
Prepare a cash budget for the month of October.
58. The monthly cash budgets for the first quarter of 2009 are shown below ($000 omitted) for XYZ Company. A minimum cash balance of $40,000 is required. A line of credit has been established with ABCs bank at a 7.5% interest rate. Calculate the missing amounts:
59. XYZ Company produces high quality widgets. Three raw materials are converted into the finished product by two labor groups. Manufacturing overhead is applied to finished units based on direct labor hours. The following standards have been established for each widget produced:
Manufacturing overhead $20.00/dhr
a) Calculate the standard cost of producing 400 high quality widgets.
