· List some modern examples of egoism.
· Explain the leap from psychological fact to ethical ought in psychological egoism.
· Problems with psychological egoism.
· Butler’s argument against psychological egoism.
· Contrast the hedonic paradox with true self-love.
· Know the distinction between psychological egoism and ethical egoism.
· Explain Holmes’s argument for why egoism cannot succeed as a viable ethical theory: Why does individual egoism reduce to universal egoism? Why would universal egoism collapse into anarchy?
· Explain Holmes’s 4 conclusions concerning ethical egoism.
· List 2 reasons utilitarianism is probably the most popular ethical theory.
· Explain Holmes’s non-consequential argument against utilitarianism.
· Know the distinction between Bentham and Mill.
· What are the problems with quantifying pleasure?
· Explain the “simplified” problem of distributive justice.
· Explain the inherent conflict between utilitarian distributive justice and equal rights.
· What does the empiricism that supports utilitarianism end up saying about the value of persons?
· How does the concept of moral integrity criticize utilitarianism?
· Contrast hypothetical and categorical imperatives.
